Turkey is a country located in North West Asia, which is always known as the main crossing point between Europe and Asia. This country is one of the most important countries in the Middle East region, being located next to the Black Sea, Marmara, Mediterranean and Aegean Seas. Turkey has a humid and mountainous climate, and most of its population consists of Turkish and Kurdish ethnic groups.
The neighborhood with European and Asian countries together with the access to open waters has put this country in a very suitable position for connecting the two continents of Asia and Europe. The main part of Turkey's economy belongs to the tourism industry. also; Due to its historical and cultural affinities with the people of Iran, this country is considered one of the main travel destinations for Iranians. Over the past several years; By providing the necessary platform, Turkey has strengthened the foreign investment sector of housing purchase.
Turkey has a parliament and is governed by the presidency. Turkey's strategic position has made it to establish extensive stable relations with other countries. The main goal of this country to communicate is to develop the economy and improve the general situation. Relations between Iran and Turkey have always been accompanied by fluctuations throughout history. But recently, it has a favorable and stable condition. Kilometers of the common border and ease of travel to this country is a suitable field for commercial exchanges between the two countries.
In the continuation of this article; Referring to Turkey's economic situation and the extent of its relations with other countries, we will examine the trade relations between Iran and Turkey and the challenges of exporting to Turkey.
Turkish economy
As mentioned earlier; A major part of Turkey's economy is dependent on the country's tourism industry. Despite having oil and natural reserves, Turkey has achieved significant growth in the economy with the development of the automotive industry, shipbuilding, agriculture and supporting the private sector. According to official statistics; Turkey ranks 13th in terms of GDP in the world.
With the supervision of the Turkish government on the country's economic system and the private sector, large companies and factories are currently operating in this country, which are one of the main exporters of goods to Europe. National car exports, ship parts, household appliances and other electrical equipment are exported from Turkey to other countries of the world.
right now; The industry of this country has penetrated into many European and Asian countries, so that after Germany, England and Italy, the countries of Iran and Iraq are among the most important destinations of Turkish goods. Turkey is one of the few countries that has been able to obtain a significant annual income compared to other countries in the Middle East only through the export of non-oil goods and investment in the private sector.
Today; This important commercial and political center is the target of many businessmen and economic activists. Supplying the import needs of countries and analyzing the opportunities of the Turkish market is one of the most important concerns of export consultants today.
Trade exchanges between Iran and Turkey
The political relations between Iran and Turkey have undergone many changes during the last decade. And these political fluctuations have always affected the business relations of the two. The amount of economic activities in the field of export and import of non-oil goods indicates that these two countries have high commercial capacities and commonalities.
According to official customs statistics; In 2018, Turkey's income from the import of non-oil goods to Iran was about 5/6 and in 2019, it was about 1/2 with a fall of several steps. As a bridge connecting the two continents of Asia and Europe, Turkey is considered an important center for trade with Iran, because the export of Iranian goods to Europe will be realized through this route. Currently; The main commercial relations between Iran and Turkey are in the agricultural sector. According to the cooperation agreement of the two countries; The development of the agricultural technology sector and investment in fisheries and agriculture are on the agenda. in 2017; Several tons of Iranian agricultural products worth about 217 million dollars entered Turkey.
About 3% of the goods needed by the Turkish market are supplied by Iran. But the most important export items of Iran to Turkey are oil products and natural gas. Other export products of Iran to Turkey include; He mentioned plastic products, construction materials, food and agricultural products, saffron, dates, dried fruits, all kinds of summer items, glass containers, metal goods, etc.
Export rules and standards to Turkey
In order to export to Turkey, it is necessary for Iranian exporters to first receive the import license from the bank and then export the goods. If the exported goods are in the category of plant and animal edible products, the exporter is required to obtain a Turkish control certificate. But if the exported goods are not in the food and weapons category, only receiving a tax number is enough to allow the goods to enter Turkey.
Generally; Several cases affect the pricing of customs tariffs for goods exported to Turkey. One of the important things in determining customs tariffs is the sales invoice. The higher the amount on the invoice, the higher the customs tariff will be and vice versa. The second most important item is the goods transport certificate. This certificate determines the type of means of transit of goods to Turkey. The last item is the proforma invoice, which contains complete information about the shipped product. Turkish customs will determine the export tariff by carefully examining it.
Export challenges to Turkey
Turkey's semi-developed market faces shortages and challenges that are among the main obstacles for foreign exporters. Actually; Absence of specific customs tariff for all types of goods and on the other hand, strict legal regulations, Fr